Amazon Basics USB 2.0 A-Male to Micro B Cable, 3 feet, Black

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The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as USB On-The-Go in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables. See the USB On-The-Go connectors section below for a more detailed summary description.

While converters exist between certain legacy interfaces and USB, they might not provide a full implementation of the legacy hardware. For example, a USB-to-parallel-port converter might work well with a printer, but not with a scanner that requires bidirectional use of the data pins.The USB 3.2 Specification released on September 22, 2017 and ECNs". usb.org. 22 September 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019 . Retrieved 4 September 2019. Low-power and high-power devices remain operational with this standard, but devices using SuperSpeed can take advantage of increased available current of between 150mA and 900mA, respectively. [30] :9–9 a b "USB Promoter Group USB4 Specification". usb.org. 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021 . Retrieved 30 August 2019.

Before the Battery Charging Specification was defined, there was no standardized way for the portable device to inquire how much current was available. For example, Apple's iPod and iPhone chargers indicate the available current by voltages on the D− and D+ lines. When D+ = D− = 2.0V, the device may pull up to 900mA. When D+ = 2.0V and D− = 2.8V, the device may pull up to 1A of current. [53] When D+ = 2.8V and D− = 2.0V, the device may pull up to 2A of current. [54] Accessory charging adapters (ACA) [ edit ] USB 3.0 Specification Now Available" (PDF) (Press release). San Jose, Calif. 17 November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010 . Retrieved 22 June 2010– via usb.org. USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Version 2.0 Specification defines delivering up to 80Gbps over USB Type-C" (PDF).eSATA, like USB, supports hot plugging, although this might be limited by OS drivers and device firmware. InterChip USB is a chip-to-chip variant that eliminates the conventional transceivers found in normal USB. The HSIC physical layer uses about 50% less power and 75% less board area compared to USB2.0. [102] It is an alternative standard to SPI and I2C. Castor-Perry, Kendall (October 2010). "Designing Modern USB Audio Systems". Cypress Semiconductor. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018 . Retrieved 4 May 2018.

Thunderbolt 2 uses link aggregation to combine the two 10Gbit/s channels into one bidirectional 20Gbit/s channel. [116]At first, USB was considered a complement to FireWire ( IEEE 1394) technology, which was designed as a high-bandwidth serial bus that efficiently interconnects peripherals such as disk drives, audio interfaces, and video equipment. In the initial design, USB operated at a far lower data rate and used less sophisticated hardware. It was suitable for small peripherals such as keyboards and pointing devices. a connection-oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface, so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared. [2]

Contrary to other functions – which use the multiplexing of high-speed links – USB 2.0 over USB-C utilizes its own differential pair of wires.

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Thunderbolt 3 and Thunderbolt 4 use USB-C. [117] [118] [119] Thunderbolt3 has two physical 20Gbit/s bi-directional channels, aggregated to appear as a single logical 40Gbit/s bi-directional channel. Thunderbolt 3 controllers can incorporate a USB3.1 Gen2 controller to provide compatibility with USB devices. They are also capable of providing DisplayPort Alternate Mode as well as DisplayPort over USB4 Fabric, making the function of a Thunderbolt3 port a superset of that of a USB3.1 Gen2 port. During CES 2020, USB-IF and Intel stated their intention to allow USB4 products that support all the optional functionality as Thunderbolt 4 products. The first products compatible with USB4 are expected to be Intel's Tiger Lake series and AMD's Zen 3 series of CPU, released in 2020.