Treasures of Arabic Morphology

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The syntax studies the formation of the sentences and the structures, i.e. it teaches us the changes which happen to the words because of its position in the structure, while the morphology studies the pattern of the word and how to form a word from another word regardless its position in the sentence, i.e. morphology teaches us how to make the different patterns of derivatives. For all but the first person singular, the same forms are used regardless of the part of speech of the word attached to. In the third person masculine singular, -hu occurs after the vowels u or a ( -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw), while -hi occurs after i or y ( -i, -ī, -ay). The same alternation occurs in the third person dual and plural.

theory and simply reading basic and advanced tutorials – one must learn Arabic through courses such as Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 1982. Linguistique Arabe: Forme et Interprétation. Rabat, Morocco, Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines.verb is made up of a certain set of base letters, called its جذر . (Nouns that are always indeclinable (such Based on time, fi’il (verb) is divided into three, namely al-fi’l al-maadhi, al-fi’l al-mudhaari’ and fi’l al-amr. Every fi’il there is an al-ziyaadah process in it according to the pattern ( wazan) and the al-zaaidah letters that enter it. Al-Ziyaadah in Arabic, namely al-sawaabiq, al-hasyw, al-lawaahiq and al-muzdawijah. These types can be included both in verbs ( al-fi’l al-maadhi, al-fi’l al-mudhaari’ and fi’l al-amr) and in nouns. The pattern of verb formation ( fi’il) based on the letter al-zaa’idah is divided into two, namely, al-fi’l al-mujarrad and al-fi’l al-maziid. Al-Fi’l al-mujarrad is divided into two, namely, al-fi’l al-stsulaasi al-mujarrad and al-fi’l al-rubaa’i al-mujarrad, while al-fi’l al-maziid is also divided into two, namely al-fi’l altsulatsi al-maziid and al-fi’il al-rubaa’i al-maziid as can be seen in the following. Arabic, for the most part, is a triliteral root language. Which means, the meaning and construction of Arabic words is based on 3 letters. By simply adding a few distinct letters and changing vowel marks, new words are formed. This is unique to Arabic and other Semitic languages, such as Hebrew and Aramaic.

Ryding, Karin C. (2005). A reference grammar of Modern Standard Arabic (6th printinged.). Cambridge: Cambridge University press. p.366. ISBN 978-0521777711. Only the first person singular makes a distinction between the genitive and accusative function. [13] As a possessive it takes the form -ī while as an object form it has the form -nī (e.g. ( رَأَيْتَنِي raʼayta-nī "you saw me").The meaning denotes a “tool to do something.” In Arabic, this meaning is formed al-ziyaadah, types of al-sawaabiq and al-muzdawijah. In the Bugis language, this meaning is formed from three types of affixes: prefix (pa-) double prefix (pappa-/pappé-/pappaka-), the suffix -eng, and the confix a -...- eng, a meaning that denotes a “place and time”. In Arabic, this meaning is formed al-ziyaadah, types of al-sawaabiq and al-muzdawijah, while in Bugis, this meaning is formed from three types of affixes, namely, the prefix ri-, ma-, suffix -eng, and a combination of the affix a -...-eng, the meaning that shows “something that is subject to work”. In Arabic, this meaning is formed al-ziyaadah, type al- muzdawijah, while in Bugis, this meaning is formed by three types of affixes, namely, the prefix ri-, double prefix ipa-, dipa-, ripa-, and a combination of the affix ri -...- eng, the meaning that shows “mutual.” In Arabic, this meaning is formed by two types of al-ziyaadah, namely, the type of al-hasyw and al-muzdawijah, whereas in the Bugis language, this meaning is formed by two types of affixes, namely, the type of prefix si- and the affix combination si -...- eng. The meaning that shows “to make or make something so.” In Arabic, this meaning is formed by two types of al-ziyaadah, namely, al-sawaabiq and al-muzdawijah, while in Bugis, this meaning is formed by three types of affixes, namely, the prefix pa-, po-, double prefix mappa-, paka-, and infix –ar-. 6. Conclusion The object of purpose [ ar] ( المفعول لأجله al-maf'ūl li-'ajlihi) is an adverbial structure used to indicate purpose, motive, or reason for an action. [39] It consists of a verbal noun derived from the main verb that appears in the accusative ( منصوب manṣūb) case. [39] Arabic

In Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), nouns and adjectives (‏ اِسْمٌ‎ ism) are declined, according to case ( i‘rāb), state (definiteness), gender and number. In colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as the loss of certain final vowels and the loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives. Adverbs can be formed from adjectives. They are adjectives, hence there is agreement in gender with the noun, not polarity as with the cardinal numbers. Note that "sixth" uses a different, older root than the number six. Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. 5, pg. 174, fascicules 81–82. Eds. Clifford Edmund Bosworth, E. van Donzel, Bernard Lewis and Charles Pellat. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1980. ISBN 9789004060562 As a regional language with many speakers in the South and Southeast Sulawesi regions, Buginese is the mother tongue in the Bugis community and the most effective communication method for speaking with its native speakers. Among the many speakers of the Bugis language, many of them have studied Arabic. In learning a language that is not their mother tongue, language learners will undoubtedly face some difficulties, especially in morphology [ 19– 21].Affixes in Bugis as well as al-ziyaadah in Arabic also have various meanings. These meanings have been mentioned in the previous discussion. In this section, the writer will classify the affixes that have different shapes but have the same meaning. The meaning of affix which adds to the basic form in Bugis is more than the meaning of al-ziyaadah, which adds to the basic form in Arabic. The meanings of affixes in the Bugis language are divided into three groups, namely, as follows. The prepositions arising from the triliteral root system are called "adverbs of place and time" in the native tradition ( ظُرُوف مَكان وَظُرُوف زَمان ẓurūf makān wa-ẓurūf zamān) and work very much in the same way as the 'true' prepositions. [17]