The World of Tolkien: Seven-Book Boxed Set

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The scholar Matthew Fisher, writing in Tolkien Studies, comments that Tolkien scholarship has considered his concern for nature and the environment, and to some extent the geography of Middle-earth, with some "geographic source criticism" that made "an attempt to compile a list of equalities where A in the real world equals B in Middle-earth". In his view, Garth does not do this, but rather looks at the places that inspired Tolkien and shows how he made use of them in varied ways to construct Middle-earth. Fisher quotes Garth's introduction on what he considers a richer approach: "The book ... examines the influences that shaped his imagined cultures and cosmology. It counts place as a combination of location, geology, ecology, culture, nomenclature, and other factors." [4]

a b Bratman, David (2013) [2007]. "History of Middle-earth: Overview". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp.273–274. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1. The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien begins with a brief introduction in which Garth sets out his approach. He states that he brings "a particular interest in biography, history, landscape and language". [G 3] On his method, he explains: "I observe Tolkien's footsteps closely, consider the context, and try to enter sympathetically into his creative thoughts and feelings". [G 4] This is followed by 11 unnumbered chapters that group Tolkien's places by theme, and a detailed set of helps including an appendix, notes, and scholarly bibliography. Gilliver, Peter (2006). The ring of words: Tolkien and the Oxford English dictionary. Jeremy Marshall, E. S. C. Weiner. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861069-4. OCLC 65197968.

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Thygesen, Peter (Autumn 1999). "Queen Margrethe II: Denmark's monarch for a modern age". Scandinavian Review. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021 . Retrieved 12 March 2006. a b "J. R. R. Tolkien Dead at 81; Wrote 'The Lord of the Rings' ". The New York Times. 3 September 1973. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009. J. R. R. Tolkien, linguist, scholar and author of 'The Lord of the Rings', died today in Bournemouth. He was 81 years old. ... Fisher, Matthew A. (2021). "[Review of] 'The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien' ". Tolkien Studies. 18 (18): 245–249. doi: 10.1353/tks.2021.0015. S2CID 241940126. Jane Yolen, "Introduction", After the King: Stories in Honor of J. R. R. Tolkien, ed, Martin H. Greenberg, pp. vii–viii. ISBN 0-312-85175-8. After Tolkien's death, his son Christopher published a series of works based on his father's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. These, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, form a connected body of tales, poems, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda and, within it, Middle-earth. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings.

Kennedy, Michael (2001). "Tolkien and Beowulf– Warriors of Middle-earth". Amon Hen. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Lobdell, Jared C. (2004). The World of the Rings: Language, Religion, and Adventure in Tolkien. Open Court. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-0-8126-9569-4. Both Tolkien's academic career and his literary production are inseparable from his love of language and philology. He specialized in English philology at university and in 1915 graduated with Old Norse as his special subject. He worked on the Oxford English Dictionary from 1918 and is credited with having worked on a number of words starting with the letter W, including walrus, over which he struggled mightily. [156] [157] In 1920, he became Reader in English Language at the University of Leeds, where he claimed credit for raising the number of students of linguistics from five to twenty. He gave courses in Old English heroic verse, history of English, various Old English and Middle English texts, Old and Middle English philology, introductory Germanic philology, Gothic, Old Icelandic, and Medieval Welsh. When in 1925, aged thirty-three, Tolkien applied for the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professorship of Anglo-Saxon at Pembroke College, Oxford, he boasted that his students of Germanic philology in Leeds had even formed a " Viking Club". [T 12] He also had a certain, if imperfect, knowledge of Finnish. [158]

The Tolkiens had four children: John Francis Reuel Tolkien (17 November 1917 – 22 January 2003), Michael Hilary Reuel Tolkien (22 October 1920 – 27 February 1984), Christopher John Reuel Tolkien (21 November 1924 – 16 January 2020) and Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien (18 June 1929 – 28 February 2022). [80] [81] Tolkien was very devoted to his children and sent them illustrated letters from Father Christmas when they were young. [82] Retirement Bust of Tolkien in the chapel of Exeter College, Oxford if it were 'history', it would be difficult to fit the lands and events (or 'cultures') into such evidence as we possess, archaeological or geological, concerning the nearer or remoter part of what is now called Europe; though the Shire, for instance, is expressly stated to have been in this region...I hope the, evidently long but undefined gap in time between the Fall of Barad-dûr and our Days is sufficient for 'literary credibility', even for readers acquainted with what is known as 'pre-history'. I have, I suppose, constructed an imaginary time, but kept my feet on my own mother-earth for place. I prefer that to the contemporary mode of seeking remote globes in 'space'. [T 7] In the run-up to the Second World War, Tolkien was earmarked as a codebreaker. In January 1939, he was asked to serve in the cryptographic department of the Foreign Office in the event of national emergency. Beginning on 27 March, he took an instructional course at the London HQ of the Government Code and Cypher School. He was informed in October that his services would not be required. [74] [T 6] [75]

Grotta, Daniel (28 March 2001). J. R. R. Tolkien Architect of Middle Earth. Running Press. pp.110–. ISBN 978-0-7624-0956-3. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.

Ware, Jim (2006). Finding God in The Hobbit. Tyndale House Publishers. p.xxii. ISBN 978-1-4143-0596-7. Tolkien Lecture Series". Pembroke College, Oxford. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019 . Retrieved 26 February 2019.